(Happenstance) Learning Theory Model

• Krumboltz 2009
• Factors that influence an individual's behavior
1. Genetics
2. Learning experiences
3. Instrumental learning
4. Associate learning experiences (observed behavior of others)
5. Environmental conditions and events
6. Parents and caretakers
7. Peer groups
8. Structured educational settings
9. Imperfect world (provides opportunities for some and not for others)
• Fundamental Propositions 
1. Goal of career counseling is to help clients learn to take actions to achieve more satisfying career and personal lives - not to make a single career decision
2. Career assessments are used to stimulate learning, not to match personal characteristics with occupational characteristics
3. Clients learn to engage in exploratory actions as a way of generating beneficial unplanned events
4. The success of counseling is assessed by what the client accomplishes in the real world outside the counseling session
• Applying HLT
1. Orient clients expectations, help them understand that anxiety is normal, that the goal of career counseling is to have a satisfying life - but that that is influenced by unplanned events, and also that identifying an occupation becomes a starting point for exploration
2. Identify client's concerns as starting point - meet the client where they are
3. Use client's past experiences with unplanned events
4. Sensitize client to recognize potential opportunities and help them reframe unplanned events as possible opportunities
5. Help client overcome blocks to action
• "What is stopping you from taking action?"
• "What can you do now to take action to reach your goal?"
• Our job is not to resolve anything for the client, but rather to make them feel comfortable with uncertainties
• Being uncertain will lead to new ideas and opportunities

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